@LeoSammallahti Your argument for union apprenticeship makes the assumption that it's a viable option. I don't know about the UK, but Thatcher and Reagan put both on a similar course. In the USA, union jobs are hard to come by and they don't pay nearly as good as in the past.
The article doesn't mention outsourcing, which is a key factor in the decline of both union and office jobs (now including management). Outsourcing in manufacturing is due as much to looser regulations ...
@LeoSammallahti ...resources, which has made outsourcing more attractive. If you can't measure software, you can't understand which skills best suit your needs, and you can't gauge the productivity of your workers, which is a key economic factor. You also aren't able to gauge your quality very well.
I digress.
Outsourcing point is good.
Regarding union apprenticeships, the system in the US works still quite well, and provides good and well paid jobs.
It's under attack by the Republicans, but I didn't hear any Democrat address how to defend and improve it.
Lot of talk about college and university education though.
@LeoSammallahti Yes. I agree that the emphasis on college is unsustainable. The majority of the jobs in the USA is in the low paid service sector, and that's also where the biggest shortage lies.
There is also a well intentioned but bit snobbish undertone in the whole "equality of opportunity" narrative.
It can easily come across as "We will give everyone an opportunity to go to college, but if you don't, you are a loser (probably with a bad mother that lacks cultural capital)."
Of course we should give more equal opportunities to go to college, but we should also focus at least as much to think how to improve life for those who don't go.
Obviously not accusing you of this sort of rhetoric, but rather the politicians and the media both in the left and right.
@LeoSammallahti ...reducing costs as to cost of labor. In engineering and management, it's mostly salary and benefits cost, so it has been a slower adoption.
Hardware engineering was hit much harder than software engineering, because the costs are fully understood. Software has not adopted a viable measurement definition, so it is still "magic" to management (and unfortunately many practitioners). This same mechanism has made management view software engineers as fungible...