Phariseesism became Talmudism, Talmudism became medieval Rabbinism, and medieval Rabbinism became modern Rabbinism and Judaism. But throughout these changes in name the spirit of the ancient Pharisees survive unaltered. From Palestine to Babylonia, from Babylonia to North Africa, Italy, Spain, France, and Germany. From these to Poland, Russia and eastern Europe generally, ancient phariseesism has wandered. It demonstrates the very importance which attaches phariseesism as a religious movement.